Transmission Line Protection Performance Evaluation For Inverter-Based Resources Conforming With Ieee Std 2800

The increasing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into the transmission system has introduced significant challenges for traditional protection schemes, primarily due to the historically non-standardized fault response characteristics of these resources. IEEE Std 2800 made a concerted effort to standardize IBR fault response to improve compatibility with existing protection schemes.

This paper evaluates the performance of transmission line protection schemes in systems incorporating IBRs that conform with IEEE Std 2800-2022. First, black-box electromagnetic transient (EMT) models of inverters from various manufacturers were used to simulate fault responses under different internal and external fault scenarios. The resulting voltage and current waveforms were then replayed through physical line relay hardware configured with settings typical of systems with conventional synchronous generation.

The paper summarizes key findings and assesses whether the standardized fault response from IBRs aids reliable fault detection using traditional protection schemes. Recommendations are provided for minor improvements to fault current injection requirements in IEEE Std 2800-2022 to further enhance protection reliability.